Phytochemical Investigation, Antiulcer, Cyclooxygenase-2, and 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Echinops erinaceus Kit Tan

Plants of the genus Echinop (Asteraceae) are traditional medicinal plants used to treat several GIT ailments, owing their diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, including sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. Echinops erinaceus Kit Tan is a wild perennial herb which endemic Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Currently, there no previous reports exploring its anti-ulcer anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, few have described chemical profile E. Tan. In current study, CHCl3 fraction aerial parts plant was subjected chromatographic isolation spectroscopic identification via 1D 2D NMR, MS. The afforded two new compounds, designated erinaceolic acid (E3) erinaceoside (E5), in addition five known namely taraxasterol acetate (E1), (E2), apigenin (E4), stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (E6), speranskoside (E7). evaluation gastric ulcer protective activity total extract successive fractions erinaceus, using vivo ethanol-induced rats model, revealed significant effect tested extracts on percentage protection index (500 mg/kg) compared antodine (20 mg/kg). also reduced stomach contents TNF-α IL-6 as untreated group. Histopathological examination mucosal tissues supportedprevious results. addition, main subfractions isolates were assessed for vitro against COX-2 15-LOX enzymes. compounds (E7) exhibited strong inhibition (3.41 2.62 µg/mL) (10.05 5.51 µg/mL), respectively. A molecular docking study performed reveal binding interaction modes most active sites (PDB ID 3LN1) 1LOX) proteins. Speranskoside showed dual affinity better than that cocrystallized references, celecoxib (2E)-3-(2-oct-1-yn-1-ylphenyl)acrylic (RS7) both This shed light potential use treatment ulcers.